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Keith Muckelroy (1951-1980) was a pioneer of maritime archaeology. The impact of his thinking and seminal publications on the field of maritime archaeology, both past and present, is remarkable, especially when considering that his tragic death at age 29 due to a diving accident in 1980 came only six years after his graduation from the Department of Archaeology at Cambridge, and only nine years after he learned to dive. Instead of the traditional particularist or historiographic approach used by maritime archaeologists, Muckelroy's ideas were new to the field, influenced by the prehistoric and analytical archaeology he learned under Grahame Clark and David Clarke at Cambridge, the tenets of processual archaeology gaining traction in the U.S., and his own experiences on shipwreck sites in British waters, notably the 1664 Dutch East Indiaman Kennemerland, several Spanish Armada wrecks, and the Mary Rose. ==Research, theories, and publications== In 1976 he published a paper〔Muckleroy, K., 1976. The integration of historical and archaeological data concerning an historic wreck site: The 'Kennemerland'. World Archaeology 7.3 pp 280-289.〕 in which he proposed a theory for the formation of shipwreck sites. He later expanded this and other theories in his seminal publication, a book titled ''Maritime Archaeology''.〔Muckleroy, K., 1978. Maritime Archaeology. Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521220793〕 With his discussion on shipwreck formation processes, he introduced terms such as "extracting filters" and "scrambling devices" into the lexicon, and used statistical models to clarify large bodies of data in order to discern patterns in the wrecking process, ideas that had never been proposed before.〔Muckleroy, K., 1978. Maritime Archaeology. Cambridge University Press, pp 157-214 ISBN 0521220793〕 These ideas coincided nicely with processual archaeology’s call for a more scientific, analytic methodology. Muckelroy's shipwreck formation theory became a classic model for interpretation of wreck sites and even today, either his original paper or his later book are referenced regularly in studies on the archaeology of shipwrecks. Muckelroy's other prominent contribution was a three-part interpretive framework for better understanding the ship in its original social context. The three aspects he proposed were 1. The ship as a machine designed for harnessing a source of power in order to serve as a means of transport; 2. The ship as an element in a military or economic system, providing its basic raison d'être; and 3. The ship as a closed community, with its own hierarchy, customs, and conventions.〔Muckleroy, K., 1978. Maritime Archaeology. Cambridge University Press, p. 216 ISBN 0521220793〕 This basic model has proven useful to many maritime archaeologists seeking to understand the role of ships as part of a greater cultural system. Muckelroy also edited an atlas of underwater archaeological sites.〔Muckleroy, K. 1980, Archaeology under water: an atlas of the world's submerged sites. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0070439516〕 His research covered the Kennemerland,〔Muckelroy, Keith, 1977: A Possible Seventeenth-Century Dutch Backstaff. The Mariner's Mirror Vol. 63, London, pp 213-214, ill. A find from the Dutch East-Indaman Kennmerland which was at the Shetland Ilands in 1664.〕 Bronze age cargoes and trade〔Muckelroy, Keith. 1981. Middle Bronze Age trade between Britain and Europe: a maritime perspective. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society. Vol 47. pp275-297〕〔Muckelroy, Keith. 1980. Two bronze age cargoes in British waters. Antiquity Vol 54 number 211 pp100-109〕 and terrestrial archaeology.〔Muckelroy, K 1976. Enclosed ambulatories in Romano-Celtic temples in Britain Britannia vol 7, pp173-91.〕 He believed that archaeological research on more recent wrecks, such as early iron vessels and steamships, was a waste of time because more information on them could be gleaned from material in archives and in museums than from artifacts recovered from the seabed.〔http://www.museum.wa.gov.au/maritime/exhibtions/north.asp〕 This view is challenged by other maritime archaeologists. His career was cut short on 8 September 1980 when he drowned in a diving accident in Loch Tay. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Keith Muckelroy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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